Ergebnisse

Structural Equation Modelling

Models Info

Estimation Method	DWLS	.
Optimization Method	NLMINB
Number of observations	298
Free parameters	66
Standard errors	Standard
Scaled test	Mean adjusted scaled and shifted
Converged	TRUE
Iterations	382

Model	group=~GruppeA_B
	Glaubwuerdigkeit=~Exp_1+Exp_2+Exp_3+Vert_1+Vert_2+Vert_3
	Kaufabsicht=~Kauf_1+Kauf_2+Kauf_3
	EinstellungWerbung=~EW_1+EW_2+EW_3+EW_4+EW_5
	EinstellungMarke=~EM_1+EM_2+EM_3+EM_4+EM_5
	Glaubwuerdigkeit~group
	Kaufabsicht~Glaubwuerdigkeit+group
	EinstellungWerbung~Glaubwuerdigkeit+group
	EinstellungMarke~Glaubwuerdigkeit+group

Note. Variable (GruppeA_B) has been coerced to ordered type.

[3] [4]

Overall Tests

Model tests
Label	X²	df	p
User Model	84.0	163	1.000
Baseline Model	7290.2	190	< .001
Scaled User	295.0	163	< .001
Scaled Baseline	1321.9	190	< .001

Fit indices
			95% Confidence Intervals
Type	SRMR	RMSEA	Lower	Upper	RMSEA p
Classical	0.040	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000
Robust	0.039
Scaled	0.039	0.052	0.043	0.062	0.340

User model versus baseline model
	Model	Scaled
Comparative Fit Index (CFI)	1.000	0.883
Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)	1.013	0.864
Bentler-Bonett Non-normed Fit Index (NNFI)	1.013	0.864
Relative Noncentrality Index (RNI)	1.011	0.883
Bentler-Bonett Normed Fit Index (NFI)	0.988	0.777
Bollen's Relative Fit Index (RFI)	0.987	0.740
Bollen's Incremental Fit Index (IFI)	1.011	0.886
Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI)	0.848	0.666

Additional fit indices
		Model
Hoelter Critical N (CN), α=0.05		686.486
Hoelter Critical N (CN), α=0.01		736.457
Goodness of Fit Index (GFI)		0.999
Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI)		0.998
Parsimony Goodness of Fit Index (PGFI)		0.711
McDonald Fit Index (MFI)		1.142
Expected Cross-Validation Index (ECVI)		.
Loglikelihood user model (H0)		.
Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1)		.
Akaike (AIC)		.
Bayesian (BIC)		.
Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (SABIC)		.

Estimates

Parameters estimates
					95% Confidence Intervals			β 95% Confidence Intervals
Label	Dep	Pred	Estimate	SE	Lower	Upper	β	Lower	Upper	z	p
p21	Glaubwuerdigkeit	group	-3.14	0.695	-4.51	-1.78	-0.975	-1.12	-0.835	-4.520	< .001
p22	Kaufabsicht	Glaubwuerdigkeit	-2.49	5.151	-12.59	7.60	-1.377	-6.95	4.200	-0.484	0.629
p23	Kaufabsicht	group	-11.33	14.637	-40.02	17.36	-1.944	-7.38	3.496	-0.774	0.439
p24	EinstellungWerbung	Glaubwuerdigkeit	-6.71	11.369	-28.99	15.57	-3.311	-14.29	7.671	-0.590	0.555
p25	EinstellungWerbung	group	-24.98	32.306	-88.30	38.33	-3.826	-14.54	6.888	-0.773	0.439
p26	EinstellungMarke	Glaubwuerdigkeit	-5.55	9.708	-24.58	13.47	-3.056	-13.52	7.405	-0.572	0.567
p27	EinstellungMarke	group	-21.35	27.587	-75.42	32.72	-3.646	-13.85	6.559	-0.774	0.439

Measurement model
					95% Confidence Intervals			β 95% Confidence Intervals
Label	Latent	Observed	Estimate	SE	Lower	Upper	β	Lower	Upper	z	p
p1	group	GruppeA_B	1.000	0.0000	1.000	1.000	0.148	0.0749	0.220
p2	Glaubwuerdigkeit	Exp_1	1.000	0.0000	1.000	1.000	0.532	0.4653	0.599
p3		Exp_2	1.199	0.0797	1.043	1.355	0.630	0.5560	0.703	15.0	< .001
p4		Exp_3	1.199	0.0787	1.044	1.353	0.642	0.5693	0.715	15.2	< .001
p5		Vert_1	1.409	0.0925	1.228	1.590	0.710	0.6286	0.791	15.2	< .001
p6		Vert_2	1.243	0.0806	1.085	1.401	0.678	0.6024	0.754	15.4	< .001
p7		Vert_3	1.360	0.0877	1.188	1.532	0.759	0.6730	0.845	15.5	< .001
p8	Kaufabsicht	Kauf_1	1.000	0.0000	1.000	1.000	0.862	0.7583	0.966
p9		Kauf_2	1.236	0.0659	1.107	1.366	0.942	0.8195	1.065	18.8	< .001
p10		Kauf_3	1.170	0.0642	1.044	1.295	0.879	0.7570	1.001	18.2	< .001
p11	EinstellungWerbung	EW_1	1.000	0.0000	1.000	1.000	0.859	0.7515	0.966
p12		EW_2	0.867	0.0450	0.778	0.955	0.818	0.7185	0.918	19.3	< .001
p13		EW_3	0.864	0.0451	0.775	0.952	0.800	0.7024	0.898	19.1	< .001
p14		EW_4	0.814	0.0429	0.730	0.898	0.771	0.6774	0.866	19.0	< .001
p15		EW_5	0.883	0.0459	0.793	0.973	0.788	0.6917	0.884	19.2	< .001
p16	EinstellungMarke	EM_1	1.000	0.0000	1.000	1.000	0.841	0.7422	0.941
p17		EM_2	0.923	0.0449	0.835	1.011	0.828	0.7359	0.919	20.5	< .001
p18		EM_3	0.920	0.0449	0.832	1.008	0.819	0.7292	0.909	20.5	< .001
p19		EM_4	0.880	0.0430	0.796	0.965	0.808	0.7181	0.898	20.5	< .001
p20		EM_5	0.904	0.0441	0.818	0.991	0.835	0.7393	0.931	20.5	< .001

Variances and Covariances
					95% Confidence Intervals			β 95% Confidence Intervals
Label	Variable 1	Variable 2	Estimate	SE	Lower	Upper	β	Lower	Upper	z	p
p29	GruppeA_B	GruppeA_B	0.9782	0.0000	0.9782	0.9782	0.9782	0.9568	1.000
p30	Exp_1	Exp_1	0.5721	0.0684	0.4380	0.7063	0.7167	0.6454	0.788	8.359	< .001
p31	Exp_2	Exp_2	0.4952	0.0711	0.3559	0.6346	0.6036	0.5111	0.696	6.967	< .001
p32	Exp_3	Exp_3	0.4628	0.0669	0.3317	0.5939	0.5875	0.4938	0.681	6.920	< .001
p33	Vert_1	Vert_1	0.4426	0.0817	0.2826	0.6027	0.4964	0.3815	0.611	5.419	< .001
p34	Vert_2	Vert_2	0.4104	0.0663	0.2804	0.5404	0.5400	0.4371	0.643	6.186	< .001
p35	Vert_3	Vert_3	0.3078	0.0690	0.1726	0.4430	0.4239	0.2934	0.554	4.463	< .001
p36	Kauf_1	Kauf_1	0.2561	0.1072	0.0460	0.4661	0.2570	0.0782	0.436	2.389	0.017
p37	Kauf_2	Kauf_2	0.1435	0.1611	-0.1724	0.4593	0.1125	-0.1184	0.343	0.890	0.373
p38	Kauf_3	Kauf_3	0.2980	0.1692	-0.0337	0.6296	0.2273	0.0128	0.442	1.761	0.078
p39	EW_1	EW_1	0.3310	0.1471	0.0427	0.6194	0.2627	0.0787	0.447	2.250	0.024
p40	EW_2	EW_2	0.3446	0.1151	0.1189	0.5702	0.3306	0.1673	0.494	2.992	0.003
p41	EW_3	EW_3	0.3890	0.1189	0.1560	0.6220	0.3594	0.2027	0.516	3.272	0.001
p42	EW_4	EW_4	0.4187	0.1108	0.2017	0.6358	0.4048	0.2596	0.550	3.781	< .001
p43	EW_5	EW_5	0.4433	0.1266	0.1952	0.6915	0.3796	0.2285	0.531	3.502	< .001
p44	EM_1	EM_1	0.3083	0.1153	0.0822	0.5343	0.2922	0.1253	0.459	2.673	0.008
p45	EM_2	EM_2	0.2929	0.0934	0.1097	0.4760	0.3152	0.1635	0.467	3.134	0.002
p46	EM_3	EM_3	0.3094	0.0934	0.1264	0.4923	0.3287	0.1811	0.476	3.314	< .001
p47	EM_4	EM_4	0.3079	0.0885	0.1345	0.4813	0.3472	0.2020	0.492	3.480	< .001
p48	EM_5	EM_5	0.2655	0.0920	0.0852	0.4459	0.3029	0.1433	0.463	2.885	0.004
p49	group	group	0.0218	0.0110	3.17e-4	0.0432	1.0000	1.0000	1.000	1.989	0.047
p50	Glaubwuerdigkeit	Glaubwuerdigkeit	0.0110	0.0315	-0.0508	0.0728	0.0488	-0.2241	0.322	0.350	0.727
p51	Kaufabsicht	Kaufabsicht	0.4042	0.0560	0.2945	0.5139	0.5461	0.4739	0.618	7.222	< .001
p52	EinstellungWerbung	EinstellungWerbung	0.1024	0.0783	-0.0510	0.2558	0.1103	-0.0507	0.271	1.309	0.191
p53	EinstellungMarke	EinstellungMarke	0.0768	0.0565	-0.0339	0.1874	0.1028	-0.0417	0.247	1.360	0.174
p54	Kaufabsicht	EinstellungWerbung	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.000
p55	Kaufabsicht	EinstellungMarke	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.000
p56	EinstellungWerbung	EinstellungMarke	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.000

Intercepts
				95% Confidence Intervals
Label	Variable	Intercept	SE	Lower	Upper	z	p
p58	GruppeA_B	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
p59	Exp_1	3.376	0.054	3.270	3.482	62.553	< .001
p60	Exp_2	3.507	0.056	3.397	3.616	62.869	< .001
p61	Exp_3	3.339	0.054	3.233	3.445	61.698	< .001
p62	Vert_1	3.349	0.056	3.239	3.459	59.688	< .001
p63	Vert_2	3.493	0.052	3.392	3.595	67.550	< .001
p64	Vert_3	3.520	0.050	3.422	3.618	70.412	< .001
p65	Kauf_1	3.084	0.058	2.970	3.198	53.136	< .001
p66	Kauf_2	2.993	0.066	2.865	3.122	45.652	< .001
p67	Kauf_3	3.037	0.068	2.903	3.170	44.560	< .001
p68	EW_1	3.443	0.068	3.309	3.577	50.325	< .001
p69	EW_2	3.745	0.066	3.616	3.874	56.954	< .001
p70	EW_3	3.503	0.063	3.380	3.627	55.670	< .001
p71	EW_4	3.530	0.062	3.408	3.652	56.811	< .001
p72	EW_5	3.648	0.069	3.513	3.783	52.957	< .001
p73	EM_1	3.483	0.062	3.361	3.605	55.915	< .001
p74	EM_2	3.574	0.058	3.460	3.688	61.272	< .001
p75	EM_3	3.510	0.059	3.395	3.626	59.542	< .001
p76	EM_4	3.470	0.056	3.361	3.579	62.487	< .001
p77	EM_5	3.711	0.057	3.600	3.823	65.045	< .001
p78	group	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
p79	Glaubwuerdigkeit	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
p80	Kaufabsicht	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
p81	EinstellungWerbung	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
p82	EinstellungMarke	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

Thresholds
					95% Confidence Intervals
Label	Variable	Step	Thresholds	SE	Lower	Upper	z	p
p28	GruppeA_B	t1	-0.008	0.073	-0.151	0.134	-0.116	0.908

Defined parameters
					95% Confidence Intervals			β 95% Confidence Intervals
Label	Description	Parameter	Estimate	SE	Lower	Upper	β	Lower	Upper	z	p
IE1	group ⇒ Glaubwuerdigkeit ⇒ Kaufabsicht	p21*p22	7.828	15.641	-22.828	38.483	1.343	-4.29	6.97	0.500	0.617
IE2	group ⇒ Glaubwuerdigkeit ⇒ EinstellungWerbung	p21*p24	21.093	34.299	-46.132	88.317	3.230	-7.94	14.40	0.615	0.539
IE3	group ⇒ Glaubwuerdigkeit ⇒ EinstellungMarke	p21*p26	17.454	29.321	-40.013	74.922	2.981	-7.65	13.61	0.595	0.552

Path Model

Path diagrams

[5]

Structural Equation Models

Models Info

Estimation Method	DWLS	.
Optimization Method	NLMINB
Number of observations	298
Free parameters	67
Standard errors	Standard
Scaled test	None
Converged	FALSE
Iterations	51

Model	Glaubwuerdigkeit=~Exp_1+Exp_2+Exp_3+Vert_1+Vert_2+Vert_3
	Kaufabsicht=~Kauf_1+Kauf_2+Kauf_3
	EinstellungWerbung=~EW_1+EW_2+EW_3+EW_4+EW_5
	EinstellungMarke=~EM_1+EM_2+EM_3+EM_4+EM_5
	Glaubwuerdigkeit~GruppeA_B
	Kaufabsicht~Glaubwuerdigkeit+GruppeA_B
	EinstellungWerbung~Glaubwuerdigkeit+GruppeA_B
	EinstellungMarke~EinstellungWerbung+GruppeA_B

Note. Variable (GruppeA_B) has been coerced to ordered type.
Note. lavaan WARNING: estimator “DWLS” is not recommended for continuous data. Did you forget to set the ordered= argument?
Note. longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
Note. Additional warnings are present.

[3] [4]

Overall Tests

Model tests
Label	X²	df	p
User Model	.	.	.
Baseline Model	.	.	.
Note. The model cannot be estimated, please refine it. Reason: : fit measures not available if model did not converge

Fit indices
		95% Confidence Intervals
SRMR	RMSEA	Lower	Upper	RMSEA p
.	.	.	.	.
Note. The model cannot be estimated, please refine it. Reason: : fit measures not available if model did not converge

User model versus baseline model
		Model
Comparative Fit Index (CFI)		.
Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)		.
Bentler-Bonett Non-normed Fit Index (NNFI)		.
Relative Noncentrality Index (RNI)		.
Bentler-Bonett Normed Fit Index (NFI)		.
Bollen's Relative Fit Index (RFI)		.
Bollen's Incremental Fit Index (IFI)		.
Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI)		.
Note. The model cannot be estimated, please refine it. Reason: : fit measures not available if model did not converge

Estimates

Parameters estimates
				95% Confidence Intervals
Dep	Pred	Estimate	SE	Lower	Upper	β	z	p
Glaubwuerdigkeit	GruppeA_B	1.171
Kaufabsicht	Glaubwuerdigkeit	0.584				0.559
Kaufabsicht	GruppeA_B	0.294
EinstellungWerbung	Glaubwuerdigkeit	0.926				0.663
EinstellungWerbung	GruppeA_B	0.649
EinstellungMarke	EinstellungWerbung	0.752				0.781
EinstellungMarke	GruppeA_B	0.479
Note. longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
Note. lavaan WARNING: Could not compute standard errors! The information matrix could not be inverted. This may be a symptom that the model is not identified.

Measurement model
				95% Confidence Intervals
Latent	Observed	Estimate	SE	Lower	Upper	β	z	p
Glaubwuerdigkeit	Exp_1	1.000	0.00	1.00	1.00	0.662
	Exp_2	0.420				0.377
	Exp_3	0.477				0.412
	Vert_1	0.399				0.373
	Vert_2	0.548				0.450
	Vert_3	0.367				0.358
Kaufabsicht	Kauf_1	1.000	0.00	1.00	1.00	0.731
	Kauf_2	0.697				0.515
	Kauf_3	0.660				0.498
EinstellungWerbung	EW_1	1.000	0.00	1.00	1.00	0.780
	EW_2	0.747				0.658
	EW_3	0.716				0.646
	EW_4	0.739				0.655
	EW_5	0.704				0.645
EinstellungMarke	EM_1	1.000	0.00	1.00	1.00	0.771
	EM_2	0.700				0.629
	EM_3	0.672				0.619
	EM_4	0.686				0.627
	EM_5	0.265				0.314

Variances and Covariances
				95% Confidence Intervals
Variable 1	Variable 2	Estimate	SE	Lower	Upper	β	z	p
Exp_1	Exp_1	0.834				0.561
Exp_2	Exp_2	0.692				0.858
Exp_3	Exp_3	0.725				0.830
Vert_1	Vert_1	0.641				0.861
Vert_2	Vert_2	0.770				0.797
Vert_3	Vert_3	0.599				0.872
Kauf_1	Kauf_1	0.617				0.465
Kauf_2	Kauf_2	0.956				0.735
Kauf_3	Kauf_3	0.936				0.752
EW_1	EW_1	0.819				0.392
EW_2	EW_2	0.925				0.567
EW_3	EW_3	0.910				0.583
EW_4	EW_4	0.924				0.571
EW_5	EW_5	0.882				0.583
EM_1	EM_1	0.804				0.406
EM_2	EM_2	0.881				0.604
EM_3	EM_3	0.855				0.616
EM_4	EM_4	0.858				0.607
EM_5	EM_5	0.755				0.902
Glaubwuerdigkeit	Glaubwuerdigkeit	0.651				1.000
Kaufabsicht	Kaufabsicht	0.488				0.687
EinstellungWerbung	EinstellungWerbung	0.711				0.560
EinstellungMarke	EinstellungMarke	0.460				0.391
Kaufabsicht	EinstellungMarke	0.391				0.825
GruppeA_B	GruppeA_B	-7.53e−16				1.000

Intercepts
			95% Confidence Intervals
Variable	Intercept	SE	Lower	Upper	z	p
Exp_1	-0.933
Exp_2	-0.932
Exp_3	-0.935
Vert_1	-0.881
Vert_2	-1.060
Vert_3	-1.141
Kauf_1	-0.751
Kauf_2	-0.587
Kauf_3	-0.554
EW_1	-0.609
EW_2	-0.724
EW_3	-0.734
EW_4	-0.756
EW_5	-0.647
EM_1	-0.734
EM_2	-0.862
EM_3	-0.831
EM_4	-0.915
EM_5	-0.948
GruppeA_B	-1.614
Glaubwuerdigkeit	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Kaufabsicht	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
EinstellungWerbung	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
EinstellungMarke	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

Descriptives

Descriptives
		GruppeA_B
N		298
Missing		0
Mean		1.50
Median		2.00
Standard deviation		0.501
Minimum		1
Maximum		2

Frequencies

Frequencies of GruppeA_B
GruppeA_B	Counts	% of Total	Cumulative %
Gruppe_provokant	148	49.7 %	49.7 %
Gruppe_nichtprovokant	150	50.3 %	100.0 %

References

[1] The jamovi project (2024). jamovi. (Version 2.5) [Computer Software]. Retrieved from https://www.jamovi.org.

[2] R Core Team (2023). R: A Language and environment for statistical computing. (Version 4.3) [Computer software]. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org. (R packages retrieved from CRAN snapshot 2024-01-09).

[3] Gallucci, M., Jentschke, S. (2021). SEMLj: jamovi SEM Analysis. [jamovi module]. For help please visit https://semlj.github.io/.

[4] Rosseel, Y. (2019). lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1-36. link.

[5] Epskamp S. , Stuber S., Nak J., Veenman M,, Jorgensen T.D. (2019). semPlot: Path Diagrams and Visual Analysis of Various SEM Packages' Output. [R Package]. Retrieved from https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=semPlot.