Results

Contingency Tables

Contingency Tables
			year_grouped
region	circumstance		1997	2000	2003-2012	2016	2019	Total
northeast	assault	Observed	199	271	1156	274	139	2039
		% within row	9.8 %	13.3 %	56.7 %	13.4 %	6.8 %	100.0 %
	legal_intervention	Observed	0	0	9	5	3	17
		% within row	0.0 %	0.0 %	52.9 %	29.4 %	17.6 %	100.0 %
	accident	Observed	63	89	326	115	140	733
		% within row	8.6 %	12.1 %	44.5 %	15.7 %	19.1 %	100.0 %
	self_inflicted	Observed	17	8	30	15	7	77
		% within row	22.1 %	10.4 %	39.0 %	19.5 %	9.1 %	100.0 %
	undetermined	Observed	26	19	107	19	5	176
		% within row	14.8 %	10.8 %	60.8 %	10.8 %	2.8 %	100.0 %
	military	Observed	0	0	0	0	1	1
		% within row	0.0 %	0.0 %	0.0 %	0.0 %	100.0 %	100.0 %
	terrorism	Observed	0	0	0	0	0	0
		% within row	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	100.0 %
	Total	Observed	305	387	1628	428	295	3043
		% within row	10.0 %	12.7 %	53.5 %	14.1 %	9.7 %	100.0 %
midwest	assault	Observed	169	58	1785	461	307	2780
		% within row	6.1 %	2.1 %	64.2 %	16.6 %	11.0 %	100.0 %
	legal_intervention	Observed	1	0	28	12	7	48
		% within row	2.1 %	0.0 %	58.3 %	25.0 %	14.6 %	100.0 %
	accident	Observed	70	27	651	253	267	1268
		% within row	5.5 %	2.1 %	51.3 %	20.0 %	21.1 %	100.0 %
	self_inflicted	Observed	8	8	85	43	39	183
		% within row	4.4 %	4.4 %	46.4 %	23.5 %	21.3 %	100.0 %
	undetermined	Observed	33	13	193	35	26	300
		% within row	11.0 %	4.3 %	64.3 %	11.7 %	8.7 %	100.0 %
	military	Observed	0	0	0	0	0	0
		% within row	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	100.0 %
	terrorism	Observed	0	0	0	0	0	0
		% within row	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	100.0 %
	Total	Observed	281	106	2742	804	646	4579
		% within row	6.1 %	2.3 %	59.9 %	17.6 %	14.1 %	100.0 %
south	assault	Observed	105	282	2096	724	559	3766
		% within row	2.8 %	7.5 %	55.7 %	19.2 %	14.8 %	100.0 %
	legal_intervention	Observed	0	0	51	22	14	87
		% within row	0.0 %	0.0 %	58.6 %	25.3 %	16.1 %	100.0 %
	accident	Observed	86	204	1182	637	780	2889
		% within row	3.0 %	7.1 %	40.9 %	22.0 %	27.0 %	100.0 %
	self_inflicted	Observed	9	32	176	82	55	354
		% within row	2.5 %	9.0 %	49.7 %	23.2 %	15.5 %	100.0 %
	undetermined	Observed	21	59	261	57	34	432
		% within row	4.9 %	13.7 %	60.4 %	13.2 %	7.9 %	100.0 %
	military	Observed	0	1	0	0	0	1
		% within row	0.0 %	100.0 %	0.0 %	0.0 %	0.0 %	100.0 %
	terrorism	Observed	0	0	0	3	0	3
		% within row	0.0 %	0.0 %	0.0 %	100.0 %	0.0 %	100.0 %
	Total	Observed	221	578	3766	1525	1442	7532
		% within row	2.9 %	7.7 %	50.0 %	20.2 %	19.1 %	100.0 %
west	assault	Observed	422	471	2314	417	237	3861
		% within row	10.9 %	12.2 %	59.9 %	10.8 %	6.1 %	100.0 %
	legal_intervention	Observed	0	0	39	18	12	69
		% within row	0.0 %	0.0 %	56.5 %	26.1 %	17.4 %	100.0 %
	accident	Observed	110	116	587	170	198	1181
		% within row	9.3 %	9.8 %	49.7 %	14.4 %	16.8 %	100.0 %
	self_inflicted	Observed	28	18	111	52	18	227
		% within row	12.3 %	7.9 %	48.9 %	22.9 %	7.9 %	100.0 %
	undetermined	Observed	25	20	101	19	20	185
		% within row	13.5 %	10.8 %	54.6 %	10.3 %	10.8 %	100.0 %
	military	Observed	0	0	0	0	0	0
		% within row	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	100.0 %
	terrorism	Observed	0	0	0	1	0	1
		% within row	0.0 %	0.0 %	0.0 %	100.0 %	0.0 %	100.0 %
	Total	Observed	585	625	3152	677	485	5524
		% within row	10.6 %	11.3 %	57.1 %	12.3 %	8.8 %	100.0 %
Total	assault	Observed	895	1082	7351	1876	1242	12446
		% within row	7.2 %	8.7 %	59.1 %	15.1 %	10.0 %	100.0 %
	legal_intervention	Observed	1	0	127	57	36	221
		% within row	0.5 %	0.0 %	57.5 %	25.8 %	16.3 %	100.0 %
	accident	Observed	329	436	2746	1175	1385	6071
		% within row	5.4 %	7.2 %	45.2 %	19.4 %	22.8 %	100.0 %
	self_inflicted	Observed	62	66	402	192	119	841
		% within row	7.4 %	7.8 %	47.8 %	22.8 %	14.1 %	100.0 %
	undetermined	Observed	105	111	662	130	85	1093
		% within row	9.6 %	10.2 %	60.6 %	11.9 %	7.8 %	100.0 %
	military	Observed	0	1	0	0	1	2
		% within row	0.0 %	50.0 %	0.0 %	0.0 %	50.0 %	100.0 %
	terrorism	Observed	0	0	0	4	0	4
		% within row	0.0 %	0.0 %	0.0 %	100.0 %	0.0 %	100.0 %
	Total	Observed	1392	1696	11288	3434	2868	20678
		% within row	6.7 %	8.2 %	54.6 %	16.6 %	13.9 %	100.0 %

χ² Tests
region		Value	df	p
northeast	χ²	NaN	24	NaN
	N	3043
midwest	χ²	NaN	24	NaN
	N	4579
south	χ²	324.856	24	< .0001
	N	7532
west	χ²	NaN	24	NaN
	N	5524
Total	χ²	873.296	24	< .0001
	N	20678

Rj Editor

--- For the southern region only ---
 --- Observed frequencies ---

                    year_grouped
circumstance         1997 2000 2003-2012 2016 2019
  assault             105  282      2096  724  559
  legal_intervention    0    0        51   22   14
  accident             86  204      1182  637  780
  self_inflicted        9   32       176   82   55
  undetermined         21   59       261   57   34
  military              0    1         0    0    0
  terrorism             0    0         0    3    0

--- Expected frequencies ---

                    year_grouped
circumstance          1997  2000 2003-2012  2016  2019
  assault            110.5 289.0    1883.0 762.5 721.0
  legal_intervention   2.6   6.7      43.5  17.6  16.7
  accident            84.8 221.7    1444.5 584.9 553.1
  self_inflicted      10.4  27.2     177.0  71.7  67.8
  undetermined        12.7  33.2     216.0  87.5  82.7
  military             0.0   0.1       0.5   0.2   0.2
  terrorism            0.1   0.2       1.5   0.6   0.6

--- Chi-square values ---

                    year_grouped
circumstance           1997   2000 2003-2012   2016   2019
  assault             0.274  0.170    24.094  1.944 36.399
  legal_intervention  2.553  6.676     1.293  1.092  0.424
  accident            0.018  1.413    47.702  4.634 93.083
  self_inflicted      0.185  0.860     0.006  1.488  2.407
  undetermined        5.467 20.155     9.375 10.612 28.683
  military            0.029 11.108     0.500  0.202  0.191
  terrorism           0.088  0.230     1.500  9.424  0.574

--- Standardized residuals ---

                    year_grouped
circumstance           1997   2000 2003-2012   2016   2019
  assault            -0.523 -0.412     4.909 -1.394 -6.033
  legal_intervention -1.598 -2.584     1.137  1.045 -0.651
  accident            0.134 -1.189    -6.907  2.153  9.648
  self_inflicted     -0.430  0.928    -0.075  1.220 -1.552
  undetermined        2.338  4.489     3.062 -3.258 -5.356
  military           -0.171  3.333    -0.707 -0.450 -0.438
  terrorism          -0.297 -0.480    -1.225  3.070 -0.758

--- Adjusted standardized residuals ---

                    year_grouped
circumstance            1997    2000 2003-2012    2016    2019
  assault             -0.751  -0.606     9.817  -2.208  -9.489
  legal_intervention  -1.631  -2.705     1.618   1.177  -0.728
  accident             0.173  -1.576   -12.441   3.070  13.666
  self_inflicted      -0.447   0.989    -0.109   1.399  -1.768
  undetermined         2.444   4.812     4.460  -3.757  -6.135
  military            -0.174   3.469    -1.000  -0.504  -0.487
  terrorism           -0.301  -0.499    -1.732   3.438  -0.843

--- Bonferroni correction ---

                    year_grouped
circumstance          1997  2000 2003-2012  2016  2019
  assault            1.000 1.000     0.000 0.954 0.000
  legal_intervention 1.000 0.239     1.000 1.000 1.000
  accident           1.000 1.000     0.000 0.075 0.000
  self_inflicted     1.000 1.000     1.000 1.000 1.000
  undetermined       0.508 0.000     0.000 0.006 0.000
  military           1.000 0.018     1.000 1.000 1.000
  terrorism          1.000 1.000     1.000 0.020 1.000

--- Combine adjusted residuals and p values into one table ---

            Dimension   Value   1997   2000 2003-2012   2016   2019
1             assault adj.res -0.751 -0.606     9.817 -2.208 -9.489
2             assault       p  1.000      1        0*  0.954     0*
3  legal_intervention adj.res -1.631 -2.705     1.618  1.177 -0.728
4  legal_intervention       p  1.000  0.239         1      1      1
5            accident adj.res  0.173 -1.576   -12.441   3.07 13.666
6            accident       p  1.000      1        0*  0.075     0*
7      self_inflicted adj.res -0.447  0.989    -0.109  1.399 -1.768
8      self_inflicted       p  1.000      1         1      1      1
9        undetermined adj.res  2.444  4.812      4.46 -3.757 -6.135
10       undetermined       p  0.508     0*        0* 0.006*     0*
11           military adj.res -0.174  3.469        -1 -0.504 -0.487
12           military       p  1.000 0.018*         1      1      1
13          terrorism adj.res -0.301 -0.499    -1.732  3.438 -0.843
14          terrorism       p  1.000      1         1  0.02*      1